Display of Work
Summary
Leave prototypes and work-in-progress visible. This invites curiosity and helps ideas spread across teams.
Context
Teams create valuable artifacts, prototypes, and work-in-progress. These could inspire and inform other teams if made visible. Success requires a culture that values transparency and psychological safety around sharing imperfect work. Teams also need commitment to ongoing curation and maintenance.
Problem
When teams hide their work, they miss opportunities to learn from each other’s approaches. They also miss unexpected connections between projects. Empty display spaces send a signal that sharing work is not expected or valued.
Solution
Create dedicated spaces for displaying current work, prototypes, and visual artifacts. Team members can see and be inspired by each other’s progress. Use systematic display design, rotation protocols, and engagement techniques.
Display Design Guidelines:
Physical Display Infrastructure:
- Magnetic walls: 4’x8’ steel-backed surfaces with magnetic strips for easy repositioning
- Pin-up boards: High-quality cork or fabric surfaces that don’t damage when pinned
- Rotating display stands: Mobile units that can be repositioned based on foot traffic patterns
- Integrated lighting: 3000K LED strips or track lighting to eliminate shadows and glare
- Accessibility compliance: All displays positioned between 15” and 48” from floor level
Digital Display Integration:
- Interactive touchscreens: 55” 4K displays for digital artifacts and collaborative annotation
- QR code linking: Physical displays include QR codes linking to digital documentation
- Live project feeds: Real-time updates from development tools and progress tracking
- Multi-format support: Displays accommodate both physical prototypes and digital outputs
- Remote viewing capability: Camera integration for distributed team access
Display Layout Principles:
- Proximity grouping: Related work items displayed within 6-foot visual clusters
- Sight line optimization: Displays positioned along natural walking paths and gathering areas
- Hierarchical organization: Current work at eye level, historical context above, detail views below
- Interaction zones: 3-foot minimum clearance around displays for comfortable viewing and discussion
- Visual breathing space: 20% of display area kept clear to avoid cognitive overload
Rotation Protocols:
Content Lifecycle Management:
- Active Display Phase (2-4 weeks):
- Current work-in-progress prominently featured
- Daily updates encouraged for rapidly evolving projects
- Team members add sticky note comments and questions
- Progress photos and iteration documents accumulated
- Mature Display Phase (2-3 weeks):
- Completed work with lessons learned documents
- Success metrics and outcomes clearly visible
- Connection points to other projects highlighted
- Invitation for others to build upon or adapt approaches
- Archive Transition Phase (1 week):
- Digital documentation created before physical removal
- Key artifacts moved to permanent collection or storage
- Impact stories and collaboration outcomes documented
- Space prepared for incoming work displays
Rotation Schedule Framework:
- Monday Morning Review: Teams assess current displays and plan updates
- Mid-Week Fresh Content: New work items added, outdated content flagged
- Friday Afternoon Harvest: Weekly reflection on what displays generated most engagement
- Monthly Deep Refresh: Major reorganization based on foot traffic and interaction patterns
Curator Role Implementation:
- Display Stewards: Rotating 2-week assignments for maintaining specific display areas
- Content Shepherds: Team members responsible for documenting and transitioning their work
- Community Curators: Cross-team volunteers who facilitate connections between displayed work
- Archive Maintainers: Long-term keepers of institutional memory and searchable collections
Engagement Techniques:
Interactive Elements:
- Annotation Opportunities:
- Sticky note parking lots for questions and observations
- Shared whiteboard space next to displays for collaborative sketching
- Comment QR codes linking to digital discussion threads
- “Build on this” invitation cards for extending displayed work
- Guided Discovery Activities:
- Weekly “Gallery Walks”: 30-minute structured tours with work creators as guides
- Monthly “Cross-Pollination Sessions”: Facilitated discussions connecting work across teams
- Quarterly “Innovation Archaeology”: Deep dives into how displayed work evolved over time
- “Maker Rounds”: Peer review of work-in-progress (like medical rounds)
Social Proof Mechanisms:
- Visibility Metrics:
- Engagement tracking: Simple dot voting for “this inspired me” or “I learned from this”
- Collaboration stories: Documented cases where displayed work led to team cooperation
- Iteration evidence: Before/after photos showing how feedback influenced development
- Connection mapping: Visual network of how displayed work influenced other projects
- Recognition Systems:
- “Display of the Month”: Community voting for most engaging or educational display
- “Cross-Pollination Awards”: Recognition for work that inspired collaboration across teams
- “Process Transparency Champions”: Celebrating teams that share authentic work-in-progress
- “Evolution Stories”: Show how displayed work changed based on community feedback
Structured Engagement Events:
- “Demo Derby” Sessions (Weekly, 30 minutes):
- Rapid-fire 3-minute presentations of newly displayed work
- Q&A focus on process and lessons learned rather than just outcomes
- Explicit invitation for others to build upon or adapt approaches
- Document spontaneous collaboration agreements
- “Work-in-Progress Critiques” (Bi-weekly, 45 minutes):
- Architecture studio-style critique sessions adapted for software teams
- Structured feedback protocol: observations, questions, suggestions
- Focus on generative critique that improves work rather than just evaluation
- Rotation of critique leadership to develop facilitation skills
- “Failure Archaeology” (Monthly, 60 minutes):
- Dedicated sessions for displaying and discussing failed experiments
- Emphasis on learning extraction and knowledge preservation
- Create “failure artifacts” that prevent repeating mistakes
- Celebrate intelligent failures that advanced team understanding
Technology-Enhanced Engagement:
- Augmented Reality Integration:
- AR markers on physical displays that reveal digital layers when viewed through mobile apps
- Historical progression viewing: see how work evolved over time through AR overlay
- Hidden documentation: process notes, decision rationales, and context accessible via AR
- Remote collaboration: distributed team members can leave AR comments on physical displays
- Social Network Integration:
- Internal social feeds highlighting display interactions and collaborations
- Expertise discovery: connect people based on displayed work and demonstrated interests
- Serendipity algorithms: suggest connections between seemingly unrelated displayed work
- Knowledge graph building: automatic tagging and linking of displayed artifacts
Content Guidelines:
Authentic Work-in-Progress:
- Messy middle documentation: Sketches, failed prototypes, and iteration attempts
- Decision archaeology: Visible traces of why certain approaches were chosen or abandoned
- Learning artifacts: Documentation of what teams discovered during development
- Process transparency: Time-lapse photography, iteration sequences, and evolution narratives
Balanced Information Architecture:
- Context setting: Brief background on project goals and constraints
- Current status: Clear indication of what’s complete, in-progress, or planned
- Invitation to engage: Specific questions or areas where team seeks input
- Connection opportunities: Explicit links to related work and collaboration possibilities
Intellectual Property Considerations:
- Graduated disclosure: Public displays focus on process and learning rather than proprietary details
- Safe-to-share guidelines: Clear criteria for what can be displayed without IP concerns
- Anonymization techniques: Methods for sharing learning without revealing sensitive information
- Time-delayed displays: Show work after IP protection or competitive advantages are secured
Forces
- Work visibility vs. intellectual property concerns
- Polished display vs. authentic work-in-progress
- Dedicated display space vs. workspace efficiency
- Physical vs. digital display formats
- Social proof effects: When teams see others sharing, they are more likely to display their work too
- Maintenance effort vs. display freshness
- Individual team displays vs. cross-team collaboration focus
- Static displays vs. interactive engagement
Consequences
Positive
- Increased cross-pollination: Teams discover unexpected connections and collaboration opportunities
- Faster knowledge sharing: Visible work-in-progress reduces duplication of effort
- Innovation inspiration: Seeing diverse approaches sparks creative problem-solving
- Cultural transformation: Transparency and sharing become normal organizational behaviors
- Institutional memory: Important work and decisions stay visible beyond individual projects
- Mentorship opportunities: Junior team members learn from seeing senior work processes
Negative
- Maintenance overhead: Requires ongoing curation and content management
- Potential IP exposure: Risk of revealing sensitive information through displays
- Display fatigue: Over-saturation can reduce engagement and attention
- Perfectionism pressure: Teams may avoid sharing authentic work-in-progress
- Resource requirements: Significant investment in display infrastructure and maintenance
- Cultural resistance: Some teams may resist transparency and visible work sharing
Examples
Architecture and Design Studios:
MIT Architecture Department:
- Implementation: Continuous wall displays of student work from sketches to final models
- Rotation: Monthly “pin-ups” where all work is refreshed and critiqued
- Engagement: Daily informal consultations between students and faculty around displays
- Impact: 85% of students report learning from others’ displayed work, 60% cite displays as inspiration for their own projects
IDEO Design Studios:
- Implementation: Project walls showing client work progression from research to prototypes
- Rotation: Weekly “wall walks” where teams present evolution of their thinking
- Engagement: Cross-project pollination sessions connecting insights across client work
- Impact: 40% of breakthrough innovations trace back to connections made through displayed work
Software Development Organizations:
Spotify Engineering:
- Implementation: “Squad walls” in common areas showing current projects, technical decisions, and learning
- Rotation: Bi-weekly refresh with emphasis on sharing technical debt and architecture decisions
- Engagement: “Tech talk” sessions where engineers discuss displayed technical approaches
- Impact: 30% reduction in duplicate technical solutions, 50% increase in cross-squad collaboration
GitHub Engineering:
- Implementation: Digital displays showing open source contributions, internal tool development, and engineering metrics
- Rotation: Real-time updates with weekly highlighting of significant contributions
- Engagement: “Demo Friday” sessions where displayed work becomes presentation material
- Impact: 65% of engineers report feeling more connected to company-wide technical direction
Research and Development Labs:
Bell Labs Historical Model:
- Implementation: Hallway displays of ongoing research with whiteboards for peer feedback
- Rotation: Monthly research reviews where displays drive discussion and collaboration
- Engagement: “Random walk” culture where researchers regularly toured displays during breaks
- Impact: Multiple Nobel Prize-winning discoveries traced to serendipitous connections made through displayed work
Google Research:
- Implementation: Interactive displays showing current research questions, datasets, and preliminary findings
- Rotation: Quarterly research showcase where displays become basis for cross-team collaboration
- Engagement: “Research rounds” where teams visit displays to understand and contribute to ongoing work
- Impact: 45% of research publications include co-authors who connected through displayed work
Manufacturing and Production:
Toyota Production System:
- Implementation: Visual management boards showing production processes, quality metrics, and improvement ideas
- Rotation: Daily start-of-shift reviews where displays drive continuous improvement discussions
- Engagement: “Gemba walks” where leadership visits displays to understand frontline work
- Impact: 30,000+ continuous improvements per year, with 70% originating from displayed work discussions
3M Innovation Centers:
- Implementation: Product development galleries showing prototypes, failed experiments, and iteration processes
- Rotation: Monthly innovation showcases where displays facilitate cross-division learning
- Engagement: “Innovation archaeology” sessions where teams learn from displayed failure artifacts
- Impact: 60% of new products incorporate learning from other divisions’ displayed work
Hybrid/Remote Adaptations:
Automattic (WordPress.com):
- Implementation: Digital “P2” blogs serving as persistent displays of team work and thinking
- Rotation: Weekly highlight posts summarizing team progress and learning
- Engagement: Asynchronous commenting and cross-team collaboration on displayed work
- Impact: 80% of major features include contributions from people who discovered work through displays
GitLab Distributed Development:
- Implementation: Handbook-first documentation with visual project timelines and decision artifacts
- Rotation: Monthly “GitLab Unfiltered” videos showing authentic work-in-progress
- Engagement: Issue-based discussions around displayed work and decision processes
- Impact: 95% of engineering decisions influenced by learning from displayed work of other teams
Anti-Examples and Lessons Learned:
Failed Implementations:
- Static Museum Displays: Organizations that never refreshed content saw engagement drop to zero within 6 months
- Perfectionism Trap: Teams that only displayed polished work missed opportunities for authentic learning and collaboration
- Maintenance Neglect: Displays that became cluttered and outdated actively discouraged engagement
- IP Paranoia: Organizations that over-restricted content had empty displays that signaled distrust and secrecy
Success Factors:
- Active Curation: Successful implementations always included dedicated curator roles
- Authentic Content: Displays showing genuine work-in-progress generated more engagement than polished presentations
- Interaction Design: Physical and digital affordances for annotation and response increased collaboration
- Cultural Integration: Displays became successful when integrated with existing team rituals and practices
Implementation
Phase 1: Infrastructure and Guidelines (2-4 weeks)
- Space Assessment and Design:
- Identify high-traffic areas suitable for display installation
- Design display layouts that optimize sight lines and interaction zones
- Install physical infrastructure (magnetic walls, pin-up boards, lighting)
- Set up digital display systems with interactive capabilities
- Content and Curation Guidelines:
- Develop clear criteria for what work should be displayed
- Create templates for consistent display formatting
- Establish IP and confidentiality guidelines for safe sharing
- Define curator roles and rotation schedules
Phase 2: Pilot Implementation (4-8 weeks)
- Early Adopter Engagement:
- Recruit 2-3 volunteer teams for initial display pilots
- Provide training on display design and curation techniques
- Document early successes and challenges for broader rollout
- Create feedback loops for continuous improvement
- Engagement Pattern Development:
- Establish regular rotation schedules and review processes
- Implement annotation systems and feedback mechanisms
- Begin structured engagement events (gallery walks, critique sessions)
- Track engagement metrics and collaboration outcomes
Phase 3: Scaling and Optimization (8-16 weeks)
- Organization-Wide Rollout:
- Expand display infrastructure to all team areas
- Train additional curators and display stewards
- Integrate displays with existing team rituals and processes
- Develop technology solutions for digital display integration
- Advanced Engagement Techniques:
- Implement AR and social network integration features
- Establish recognition systems and success celebrations
- Create advanced facilitation techniques for cross-team collaboration
- Develop analytics and measurement systems for continuous improvement
Related Patterns
- Poster Sessions
- Pin-Up Space
- Transparent Artifacts
- Visible Evolution Traces - How displays create beneficial traces that encourage more sharing
- Productive Traces Preservation - Maintaining active displays while refreshing content
Sources
- Maker space and fabrication lab practices
- Design studio display traditions
- Research on visual inspiration and creativity
- Social Proof and Used Places Pattern Research (2024) - evidence that visible work attracts collaboration